Property & Land Disputes
Help with ownership, possession and records of land and other property.
Key Dates and Numbers
- 1 year
- Leases that must be registered
- A lease from year to year, for over a year or reserving a yearly rent must be registered.
- 4 months
- Presenting a document for registration
- A document is generally to be presented within four months of the date it was signed.
- 12 years
- Possession suits based on title
- The general limitation period. Which period applies depends on the facts, so take advice early.
Overview
Property law deals with who owns, holds and can use land, houses, flats and shops, and with the records that show it. Disputes often arise over title, possession, boundaries, partition among family members, tenancy and entries in revenue records.
What This Area Covers
The kinds of matter people most often bring to us in this area.
Title and Ownership
Working out who owns a property by reading the chain of deeds and related records.
Possession and Encroachment
When someone occupies your land or house, or builds beyond their boundary.
Partition
Dividing ancestral or jointly held property among family members or co-owners.
Mutation and Land Records
Updating or correcting revenue records after a sale, gift or inheritance, by state procedure.
Landlord and Tenant
Rent agreements, security deposits and eviction, which depend on the rent law of your state.
Buying and Builder Disputes
Checks before a purchase, disputed sale agreements, and delayed flats before RERA or a Consumer Commission.
When You Might Need Help
If any of these sounds familiar, it may help to get guidance early.
- Someone has occupied or is encroaching on your land or house
- Family members disagree over partition of ancestral or jointly owned property
- Mutation (dakhil kharij) is pending, or the land record shows the wrong name
- You are buying property and want the title checked before you pay
How a Matter Usually Moves
This is the usual order of events. Your matter may differ, depending on its facts and your state.
- 1
Collecting the Papers
- 2
Checking Records and Possession
- 3
Notice or Revenue Office
- 4
Attempt at Settlement
- 5
Suit and Decree
How NYAY GHAR Helps
What you can expect from our team once you share your concern.
Document Review
We look at your deeds, land records and other papers to understand the history of the property.
Explaining Your Options
We explain routes such as a legal notice, mutation or record correction, partition, mediation or a civil suit.
State-Specific Guidance
We point you to the revenue office, land records portal and procedure that apply in your state.
Connecting with an Advocate
Where a suit or other court action may be needed, we connect you with an advocate experienced in property matters.
Documents to Keep Ready
You do not need all of these. Share what you have.
- Sale deed, gift deed, partition deed or will, preferably registered copies
- Current land records, such as khatauni, jamabandi or 7/12 extract, as used in your state
- Mutation order and property tax receipts
- Site plan, map or approved building plan
Mistakes to Avoid
Small slips that can make a matter harder later on.
- Paying an advance before checking the title and current land records
- Treating a mutation entry as proof of ownership
- Relying on an agreement to sell or a power of attorney instead of a registered deed
- Trying to take back possession by force instead of through legal process
Laws That Usually Apply
The main laws behind this area, in plain language.
Transfer of Property Act, 1882
Registration Act, 1908
Specific Relief Act, 1963
Common Questions
Every situation is different. These pages explain the area in general terms; your matter will be reviewed on its own facts.
Does mutation prove that I own the property?
No. Mutation updates revenue records, mainly for fiscal purposes. Ownership comes from title documents such as a registered sale deed, gift deed, will or inheritance.
Why are rent agreements often made for 11 months?
Leases from year to year, for more than one year or reserving a yearly rent must be registered under the Registration Act, so many people use shorter agreements. Some states go further: Maharashtra requires registration of leave and licence agreements. A registered agreement gives stronger proof.
Can a landlord evict a tenant without notice?
No. A landlord must follow due process of law and cannot evict by force or cut essential supplies. The exact rules depend on the rent law of your state.
What should I check before buying land?
Check the chain of title documents, current land records, mutation entries, encumbrances and any pending litigation, ideally with an advocate's help before you pay.
Not Sure Where to Begin? Start by Telling Us What Happened.
Share your concern in your own words. Our team will read it and get back to you.